Hill Langdell

Black & White Clock Concept...

2010-07-02T16:49:00.003+01:00

I stumbled across this beautiful concept clock by Russian designer Vadim Kibardin while looking for an eye catching piece for my studio.

It takes the form of a digital clock, but only the figures themselves. Each figure has self-contained power supply and independent control, it can be fixed to any surface autonomously. A light sensor will switch the clock to an invert mode: the figures are white in the dark time of day and black at daytime. Currently the clock is only a concept, which is unfortunate because I’ve already picked a spot for it!

Vadim Kibardin was born 1974 in Omsk, Russia. Graduated from Ural State Academy’s of Architecture and Art Industrial Design Department, Yekaterinburg. Since 2005 Vadim Kibardin has lived in Prague where his Kibardindesign studio started production of his own trade mark goods which have being sold in Russia, Europe and USA. He won over ten awards, including Reddot design award, iF Award, Promosedia International Design Competition, DIA, Charman design competition.

Amazing Snow Globes...

2010-05-24T15:01:00.006+01:00

This week I was asked by one of our clients at Hill Langdell to design a corporate snow globe; a strange request in May but after I received the brief it was clear there were no festive connotations.

For a little inspiration I trawled around the internet for examples of snow globes and stumbled across the captivating works of Martin and Paloma Munoz. They are best known for their sculptures and photographs of sculptures contrasting pristine settings with foreboding or grisly scenes. Their most recent work are the Travellers and Islands series pictured below.

Slightly out of season perhaps, but enjoy!

Deb Site Demolition...

2010-03-30T11:57:00.004+01:00

Historic Belper firm Deb Ltd, famous for making skincare products including Swarfega, has recently moved to a new £18.5million premises at Denby Hall. The old site on Spencer Road in Belper, which had been the firm’s home since 1941, is currently undergoing demolition.

The opportunity to try a little post-apocalyptic style photography was overwhelming! Luckily I work with Wheeldon, the company currently redeveloping the old industrial site. Once kitted out with hard hat and boots, I was given permission to spend a morning wandering around the derelict factory buildings with a camera.

The demolition was already underway, revealing pipe-work, tanks, wiring and exposing the dilapidated interior of the factory buildings. The whole area had a grimy, dark, grunge feel to it with so much detail to capture.

I’ve attached a few of the early results below...

Subbuteo..

2010-03-03T14:33:00.006Z

Following on from my Food Landscapes blog entry last year featuring the photography work of Pierre Javelle and Akiko Ida, I recently had an opportunity to undertake some micro-photography of my own for one of our Clients at Hill Langdell.

Mainline Communications is the leading UK Orange mobile phone distributor; in my role as Creative Director I have worked with the Mainline team for some time on various projects from their branding through to websites and promo design. Recently Mainline submitted an entry to the 2010 Mobile News Awards; biggest event in the UK mobile channel calendar. Hill Langdell were asked to come up with a concept and design for the entry to ensure it wasn’t merely overlooked.

As this is a World Cup year we came up with the idea of styling the entry with a football theme, but with a twist. Using macro lenses, old table football sets dug out from friends’ attics, blue tack, sticky-back-plastic and a little imagination, football’s greatest tournament was re-enacted with Subbuteo.

The entry folder was made as a Subbuteo branded game box, with players included (shirts in my client’s branded colours of course) and with the award submission document, compiled by our friends at Quiet Storm Consultants, fitting neatly inside. The document itself included sports action photography, all recreated in miniature.

The end result was fairly striking. Fingers crossed Mainline pick up first place, watch this space...

Steampunk Chic; Halcyon Goggles

2010-01-18T14:47:00.004Z

This morning I received a package from British Manufacture Halcyon containing a brand new pair of Vintage-style classic Goggles. I’m so impressed with the quality, aesthetics, functionality and even the retro-styled packaging I thought I’d put up a post about them!

Manufactured in the UK and based on the original RAF flying goggles of the 1940's, Halcyon Goggles are a popular choice for use with all styles of open face motorcycle helmets.

The goggles were packaged in a box that looked as if it’d been plucked from a museum cabinet or the depths of your granddad’s attic; I love the old-world feel of the three-colour graphic design, which although isn’t sophisticated, completely suited the identity of the product within.

After unwrapping the goggles from their tissue protection, the quality and craftsmanship was immediately apparent. The facemask is manufactured from soft brown leather and the frames are produced in Brass then painted. The lenses themselves feature unique twin-glazing and can be specified tinted, in laminated glass or even to your prescription! I went for the standard lenses for now, but new examples can be purchased clipped in at a later date.

There is a knurled adjuster across the nose bridge which results in a perfect fit once I put them on in conjunction with my Vespa Helmet; a quick trip out at lunchtime confirmed a very snug and comfortable fit.

The perfect accessory for a classic scooter or burbling hog. Just need a wax jacket or parka now...

Retro Philco PC...

2010-01-04T16:31:00.004Z

The Philco PC by Dave Schultze is pretty much a re-imagined Philco Predicta—a short-lived but ridiculously iconic television from 1954. Then there are other fantastic touches as well, like a typewriter keyboard and a mouse that looks like some sort of repurposed handheld sander from an era when men in gray flannel suits didn't shave, but straight-up ground stubble into submission.

It runs on the latest Windows 7 operating system though, but seeing that this is but a concept at point of publishing, to heck with specifications as those are only limited by your imagination. How would you like to see future computers and desktops come in such a form factor, or do you prefer those boring and old dark-coloured designs instead?

Measuring Type...

2009-12-22T14:40:00.004Z

Matt Robinson in collaboration with Tom Wrigglesworth compared a selection of the most commonly used typefaces for how economical they are with the amount of ink which they use at the same point size. Large scale renditions of the typefaces were drawn out with ballpoint pens, allowing the remaining ink levels to display the ink efficiency of each typeface.

Food Landscapes...

2009-12-04T14:51:00.004Z

This is the first major solo United States exhibition of works by the Paris-based artists, Pierre Javelle and Akiko Ida, featuring a selection of works from the MINIMIAM series of diptych photographs created between 2002 and 2008.

The husband and wife team present a manufactured micro universe, part Toy Story, part Candy Land, populated with diminutive humanoid characters engaged in a range of ordinary and extraordinary activities. Since the project inception in 2002, the series has grown to over 60 images.

Pierre Javelle and Akiko Ida have morphed multiple genres of photography, including micro-photography, culinary art, portraiture and landscape. The theme involves action, ranging from sporting scenes to warfare, taking place in carefully staged, fantastic, food settings. In each diptych, the first image introduces the subjects in an uncertain setting. The second panel reveals the scene in totality, to an unexpected, often amusing end.

Room with a view...

2009-11-19T20:07:00.003Z

For many years computer enthusiasts have been modifying cases, but what about having a living room decorated in your PC? A Russian artist made a model of a living room that has a sofa, armchairs, coffee table and a working lamp, in his computer. The living room is even containing a gumball machine, bottle of coke and the New York Times magazine.

Why speculative design is wrong...

2009-10-21T13:42:00.004+01:00

Ok, rant time. Well, constructive rant time. I recently read a blog post by Paul Boag regarding speculative web design, and what struck me was how applicable it was to the graphic design industry. I have reworded his thoughts below:

Many graphic design agencies are refusing to do unpaid design work before a contract is signed. This is not because it is damaging to them. It is because they believe it is damaging to their clients. But why?

On the surface asking a graphic design agency to produce some design concepts before you sign on the dotted line appears to be a good idea. After all, it allows you to assess the quality of their design work and see whether they have understood your brief.

However, if you scratch the surface of this once common practice, you quickly expose the flaws. Here are just five…

1. It costs everybody money...

In order to remain in business every company needs to recover their cost of sale. This includes graphic designers. As speculative work is part of the sales process, they ultimately have to charge you for it. The graphic designer is forced to roll the cost of that work into the project if they win.

However, it is worse than that. The graphic designer also has to recover the cost of speculative design done for jobs he did not win. This means that if you choose to work with an agency that produces speculative design, you are paying for their failed sales pitches! Why should you be paying for other people’s design work?

2. It is about selling not delivering...

As somebody who used to produce speculative designs for years, I can tell you that doing this type of design work is not about delivering a solution the client actually needs.
Speculative design is about impressing the client and creating the ‘wow factor’. The target audience is the client and not the end user.

Being a good graphic designer is about encouraging the client to make tough choices. A good designer will challenge your preconceptions and suggest better ways of meeting your business aims. However, they are not going to take that risk in the sales process. They will play safe, showing you what you want to see, rather than telling you what you need to hear.

The danger is that if you then hire this company the speculative design is adopted for your site. Ultimately you end up with a solution that fails to meet your businesses needs.

3. It is wasteful...

Even worse than actually using a piece of speculative design is throwing it away. I have worked on many projects where the design work created as part of the sales process is discarded on project commencement.

What was the point of producing a piece of design only to discard it? Because ultimately you (the client) are paying for the design it is absurd that you would then choose not to use it.

Of course the reason you discard it, is because it is not fit for purpose. Not only was the design was created to sell, it is also largely uninformed.

4. It is uninformed...

No matter how good the brief you distribute to agencies, they are still not going to have all the facts.

Good design comes from being well informed. The designer needs to understand business objectives, success criteria, brand personality, competition and numerous other factors in order to provide the right solution.

Most of all the design needs to emerge from an understanding of your audience. Until the designer can interact and empathise with your clients or customers, they can produce nothing more than a superficial solution.

5. It ignores the collaborative nature of design...

Finally speculative design ignores the collaborative nature of the design process. Good design is not just about a designer having a moment of inspiration and producing a master piece. Design is not the same thing as art.

Design is a collaborative process between the designer and the client. The designer may have the expertise in design aesthetics and usability, but the client knows their business and target audience.

If the designer works in isolation he cannot hope to produce a rounded design. Without mood boards, sketches and initial concepts there is no dialogue between client and designer. The design will only tell half the story.

To request speculative design is to deny your own importance in the process.

The alternatives...

So where does that leave you? If you should not ask for speculative design, how then can you assess the design skills of agencies?

The answer obviously lies in their portfolios. However, in my opinion it is about more than just looking at ‘pretty pictures’. In order to know whether a design has been successful you need background information.

I recommend that where a portfolio piece is relevant to your sector or project, you request the contact information of the client. This provides you with the opportunity to speak to that client and find out how well the design fulfils their business objectives.

Speaking to the client also gives you the opportunity to find out more about the designers. Did they understand the brief? Did they provide positive suggestions? Did they deal with criticism well? Were they flexible and understanding of broader objectives?

Ultimately there is far more to be learned by talking to existing clients than requesting speculative design.

3D Photographic Sculpture...

2009-10-16T15:51:00.006+01:00

From a distance these sculptures look like ceramics, but when you take a step closer you will find it is pure illusion. The unique and alive 3D sculptures are made out of many photographs of the original subjects.

The creator, a Korean sculptor Gwon Osang, has been one of the most recognized contemporary artists in Korea for his non-conventional approach to sculpture.

Lets Tape our Time...

2009-10-01T09:54:00.004+01:00

Designed by Alexandros Stasinopoulos, the Ora is a handsome watch that takes a break from the digital and analogue era. It comes with an in-your-face style and colours that are energetic. Vibrant as its looks is the system to tell time; three interwoven tapes, yes the measuring kind, move across the face to indicate the hour, minute and day. Fashionable or not, it certainly scores well in the product-design segment.

Quirky Design

2009-09-25T17:20:00.006+01:00

We have pretty funky mugs at Hill Langdell (the tea/coffee holding kind!), and on more than one occasion our clients ask us where we got them from. I’d thought I’d share the genuine small piece of genius that is SUCK UK.

For a decade now SUCK UK have been producing unique, quirky and expertly designed furniture, lighting, interior products and accessories. Setting themselves apart from the crowd with simple yet original designs and a cheeky sense of humour, SUCK UK's mission is to keep churning out fresh products, cherry picking young design talent and expanding a brand.

SUCK UK has picked up many awards for their designers and the website is full of fascinating and innovative products, most of which can be purchased. I’ve included a few examples of my favourites below...

Conceptual Artwork...

2009-09-17T09:12:00.008+01:00

I recently stumbled across Massive Black, a full production artwork and asset outsourcing studio that has contributed to over 85 projects for multiple video game platforms, film, print, toys and comics.

Located in San Francisco, the studio produces some lovely conceptual illustrative work featuring great characterisations and expression. I’ve included a few examples of their work below; for a more portfolio examples visit their website, its well worth a look.

Nostalgia Jet Scooter

2009-09-09T13:23:00.005+01:00

This wonderful (and very curvaceous) concept model evokes all sorts of vintage retro-future daydreams... and simply demands some French beauty (like Brigitte Bardot) take it out for a spin.

Image source and more work by Peanuts23.

Steve McGhee

2009-08-25T10:41:00.003+01:00

Born and raised in London Ontario, Canada, Steve McGhee grew up wanting to be a fireman, but as luck would have it, his teachers in Elementary and High School noticed that I had “artistic ability”. One of his teachers, Mr. Webster wrote in his yearbook, “Most likely to be designing cereal boxes”.

After high school, Steve went to Sheridan College in Oakville Ontario to be an Animator.

“Unfortunately, animation is the most mind numbingly boring thing one can do as a profession, and I never really liked the idea of drawing exactly like everyone else in the room. I wanted freedom! Freedom to express myself and also freedom to do really cool stuff.”

Freedom came in the form of a Graphic Design course at George Brown College in Toronto Ontario. He now creates fantastic illustrative and graphic work using Photoshop and the alike; I’ve put up a few examples below...

Mathieu Beaulieu

2009-08-21T14:52:00.005+01:00

Originating from Quebec, Canada, Mathieu Beaulieu has an awesome portfolio. I’m sure I have seen his work before, on TV or in print maybe, but I can't place where. The majority of this design and illustrators work goes in Flash and Photoshop if you can believe it. You really need to see his whole portfolio to get a better idea of his creativity.

Visit his blog to see more.

Our thoughts on the doom and gloom...

2009-08-06T09:59:00.001+01:00

Well bit of a change as it is me that is posting this time!

Recently we have been thinking about the whole credit crunch thing and what we decided to do was to put our thoughts down and let our clients and supplier know what we were thinking about the current situation. The text below is just our thoughts and Geoff and I would appreciate your opinions, as the situation is affecting us all differently.

The doom and gloom that has been evident over the last 18 months has made it very easy to get sucked into a dangerous "end of the world" spiral. Many seem to be thinking it's better to wait and see what happens rather than making any bold moves.

For our part we have to admit that, both as a business and as individuals, Geoff and I have been as busy as anyone trying to insulate ourselves from the fears generated by the credit crunch, but we think we're seeing a change

We've always recognised that the impact of the recession is not universal - it affects some far more than others. Despite the fears out there, we've done a good number of branding projects for new start up business, some complete with bank funding, as well as working with existing businesses who want to rejuvenate their brands. Obviously this is good for us, but we have also noticed that the relative impact of these initiatives seems to be greater for our clients because others are doing less.

Talking to our suppliers and clients there seems to be a growing upsurge in confidence. It's small, but it is there. We believe that as that confidence continues to grow there will be real opportunities for those who choose to be "first movers", those who are prepared and ready to go as confidence becomes established.

We are putting together projects and ideas for a number of our clients that can be acted on quickly and put into effect as soon as the time is right because we believe, like them, that when the situation is clear enough to warrant confidence, it is too late to start thinking about new initiatives - the danger is in missing the moment. Confidence is contagious, and both businesses and consumers are more likely to follow those who have a clear, measured and confident story to tell.

We know there is work and money out there but uncertainty means many organisations are hesitant to place orders or make big decisions. It's the old "it's better in my bank account then someone else's" view. An idea that is not without its good points, but those likely to benefit the most are the ones who are willing to dip their toes in the water at the earliest stages.

We think it probable that there will be a "tipping point", a time when people and businesses come out from the shelters. We think there is a great deal to be gained from reviewing branding, messages, stories and appearance in readiness. It doesn't have to cost a fortune. In many cases, it can be very cost effective to audit how our business may look to others, and identifying the important questions we need to ask of ourselves - a sort of "toe back in the water" exercise.

You might decide that a small marketing campaign that can be launched very quickly is a prudent move. For others it may be an innovation in product lines or a change in customer base. Whatever direction you choose we think there might be some great opportunities for many of our clients to make a real difference to their bottom line within the next 18 months.

We have been working on a number of "low intrusion/high impact" ideas and formats. Working with our partners in business development, web media, and business, these are designed with the idea that whilst the time is not yet right for some of the "loud" marketing that predominated before the recession, low key campaigns focused on your customers needs may just get conversations initiated earlier.

Give us an hour of your time, and we'll explain further. Beyond that, we have a low cost "brand audit" service that will look at all the key aspects of your brand, and raise key questions for you to consider.

In short, we think that now is a good time to reflect and review, and be prepared for an upturn. A modest investment now could pay real dividends when we are all clearer and more confident of the shape, timing and speed of recovery. Thanks for your time - let us know what you think.

Kind Regards

Ross

Spaghetti Bench by Pablo Reinoso

2009-08-04T14:25:00.004+01:00

Pablo Reinoso has created this bench being partly a normal bench and partly spaghetti. And the result is rather amazing. Although, I personally think that the "spaghetti" part looks more like hair flowing in the wind...

Born in 1955 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Pablo Reinoso now Lives and works in Paris.

A Product Designer and communication consultant since the nineties, he founded his own design and communication company in 2004: Pablo Reinoso Studio. He is also involved with several corporations as Art & Communication Director, being responsible for brand management, product strategy and communication.

The Spaghetti Bench form a part of a ‘Spaghetti collection’ which can be seen by visiting his studio site www.pabloreinoso.com.

Mailbox Caricatures...

2009-06-16T12:54:00.004+01:00

I find caricatures of men quite straight forward to produce; it’s easy to over extenuate a male’s features to bring out the character and cartoon image. It’s almost impossible to offend as most men seem to relish the visual fun poked by the familiar over representation.

These are the very reasons I find drawing a caricature of a woman a real challenge! The nature of a cartoon is to enlarge and exaggerate facial features, which is usually not a complimentary or flattering thing to do. In order for a caricature to be a success it needs to be recognisable as the subject matter; when drawing a woman a balance has to be made between drawing out the elements which make an individual and a realistic sensitivity. Lean too far either way you risk offending the person with the cartoon or the end result lacking a true representation of an individual’s personality.

I recently faced this challenge during a commission for Mailbox Marketing Ltd. In place of photographs on their new website, the owner wanted to use caricatures of the staff members. The project required me to produce three female caricatures in an illustrative style; a cartoonist’s worst nightmare, but fun none the less! The project seems to be a success; I’m pleased with the accuracy of the representation, and the customer is very happy rather than very offended, the best of both worlds!

Norton Motorcycles...

2009-05-20T11:48:00.002+01:00

We were recently asked to pitch to design a new brochure for Norton Motorcycles for their Commando 961se bike.

Developed in a new facility at the Donington Park Grand prix circuit, Norton's new Commando features top notch cycle parts such as brembo brakes, ohlins suspension and light-weight carbon fibre wheels. The design chief, Simon Skinner, was a key player in the development of the Triumph 675 and Street Triple.

The visuals we produced are still a little rough and ready and require improved photography and the correct information, but you get the idea...

The Langdell Wedding...

2009-05-07T11:08:00.003+01:00

Ross and Caroline finally tied the knot last weekend at the Farmhouse Hotel near Donnington Park in Derbyshire and I was lucky enough to be called on for best man duties! The day went very well with the aid of a hog-roast and plenty of wine!

Dispensing with convention, Mr & Mrs Ross Langdell asked me to draw a cartoon which could then be signed by all the wedding guests instead of the usual book. A few people have requested a second look so here it is...

Tulip Fields...

2009-04-29T11:07:00.003+01:00

At first glance, it looks like a giant child armed with a box of crayons has been set loose upon the landscape. Vivid stripes of purple, yellow, red, pink, orange and green make up a glorious technicolour patchwork.

Yet far from being a child's sketchbook, this is, in fact, the northern Netherlands in the middle of the tulip season. With more than 10,000 hectares devoted to the cultivation of these delicate flowers, the Dutch landscape in May is a kaleidoscope of giddy colours as the tulips burst into life.

The bulbs were planted in late October and early November, and these colourful creations are now ready to be picked and sold as bunches of cut flowers in florists and supermarkets. More than three billion tulips are grown each year and two-thirds of the vibrant blooms are exported, mostly to the U.S. and Germany.

But like a rainbow, this colourful landscape is a short-lived phenomenon. When the flowers are gone, the land will be cultivated for a rather more mundane crop of vegetables.

I do doodle... (Part 3)

2009-04-22T16:07:00.003+01:00

I was digging around in a large pile of old university stuff (which I've been putting off going through for years) and found a few fun cartoon sketches. Reminds me how rewarding it is to use some good old-fashioned marker pens and watercolour pencils instead of photoshop!

I do doodle... (Part 2)

2009-04-21T08:33:00.003+01:00

Not so much doodles this time as messing about inbetween waiting for proofs to print. I don't think the Smart car has much to worry about, but I reckon Ham Aid has a future...

Mud Plugging...

2009-04-15T11:32:00.006+01:00

Well the freshly branded Hill Langdell KTM got a ride out in anger at the weekend, as part of Ross's stag do. Personally, and I am biased as I designed our branding, but I think it looks great combined with the Monster Energy branding (they have chucked Ross loads of free stuff so they get a look-in on the bike!)

I'm now itching to get my bike license and my own toy, although Ross will have to work hard to stop me getting a Vespa (ciao, bella, etc). At least I can earn some extra pennies delivering pizza's.

I do doodle...

2009-04-02T11:18:00.003+01:00

This months doodles are mostly from messenger conversations and the back of my note pad.

Yesterday's Future Today...

2009-03-31T15:11:00.004+01:00

As a child I loved taking electrical things apart; old video recorders, telephones, typewriters, old computers, nothing escaped! Luckily there was an old army surplus yard nearby otherwise I wouldn’t have been popular with my Dad. The sculptures I ended up building out of the parts were nothing to write home about, but it has left me with a fascination of artwork made up of recycled parts.

Electro Art Works by Andy Hill pretty much ticks all the boxes for a steam punk fan such as myself. He builds beautiful whimsical robot sculptures from electronic parts, appliances, scrap metal and junk parts inspired by the tin robot toys of the 50's and 60's. His website features many images of his robot legion; many of them already reside in various locations around the world.

Captivating prettyness...

2009-03-27T08:42:00.002Z

During my start-of-the-morning-cuppa I spotted this website on Dark Roasted Blend, and although it takes an age to load, it's well worth the wait. Pointless, but very pretty.

Colouring In...

2009-03-23T13:53:00.007Z

When I'm not graphic designing, repairing my troublesome Mini or avoiding jobs around the house, I like to spend time cartooning. I have produced a few commissions for Hill Langdell, but illustration for me is more about personal gratification.

Besides, it's great to draw and colour a personal cartoon for a friend or family member. It's a gift they'll never get anywhere else, and so long as it's not too offensive, usually raises a smile!

A retro perspective...

2009-03-20T11:04:00.007Z

I found this particular interesting concept at www.yankodesign.com which really got me thinking.

No matter how much we progress as far as technology is concerned, we always look back towards the retro for inspiration in the designing field. NVDRS Tape foxes around in the Cassette Tape construction but is actually a digital player. Deceptive looks aside, the player continues to follow the 45/60/90 minutes norm, holding 10/15/20 select songs in digital format; uploaded via USB.

There are a couple of things regarding this player that really stands out. Like for example, if you want to forward or rewind a song, you need to manually do it by rotating the spools with your finger or pencil. To play just slide the Play Button.

Charging it depends how good are you at …you guessed it…rotating the spools! Rotating the second hole of the tape charges the kinetic battery. An LED light indicates the power status: Green-full charge; Amber- Medium Charge; Red- will die out any moment.

Between the two wheels is nestled a small display that only shows you the time elapsed for the song, nothing else! Both the 90 and 60-minute versions are housed in recycled aluminum enclosures, however the 45-min one is constructed from Polypropylene. The original post can be viewed here with additional images.

Designers: Stefano Pertegato, Massimiliano Rampoldi, Eloisa Tolu, Francesco Schiraldi & Giovanni Mendini

Our new blog...

2009-03-19T17:14:00.006Z

We’re lucky because we’ve got a real wide range of different customers that we produce graphic design projects for which usually allows me to stretch my design wings a little. However sometimes there are avenues I want to explore or projects I simply want to try that the day to day life of a commercial graphic designer won’t allow me.

Trying new ideas outside the confines of Hill Langdell allows me to vent a little of my creative frustration, and sometimes the results give new directions to our clients projects. Then there’s the links to blogs, websites and ideas that I find extremely inspirational, but they’re not always relevant to our main body of work.

So this leaves a dilemma; Where exactly to post this stuff so I can share it with the world for comments and general interest?

Well, here actually.